HUBUNGAN ANEMIA SELAMA KEHAMILAN DAN KEJADIAN PERDARAHAN POSTPARTUM DI KLINIK PRATAMA EVI, KECAMATAN MEDAN MARELAN, KOTA MEDAN, SUMATERA UTARA
Keywords:
Anemia, Kehamilan, Perdarahan Postpartum, Pelayanan AntenatalAbstract
Anemia selama kehamilan merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan ibu yang paling umum di negara berkembang dan berkontribusi signifikan terhadap komplikasi obstetrik, termasuk perdarahan postpartum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara status anemia selama kehamilan dengan kejadian perdarahan postpartum di Klinik Pratama Evi, Kecamatan Medan Marelan, Kota Medan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Data diperoleh secara retrospektif dari rekam medis ibu bersalin di Klinik Pratama Evi selama periode Januari–Desember 2023. Sebanyak 120 ibu melahirkan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dianalisis. Variabel independen adalah status anemia berdasarkan kadar hemoglobin pada trimester ketiga, sedangkan variabel dependen adalah kejadian perdarahan postpartum. Analisis dilakukan dengan uji chi-square dan odds ratio, dengan tingkat signifikansi p<0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 6,7% ibu hamil mengalami anemia, dan 23,3% mengalami perdarahan postpartum. Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara anemia selama kehamilan dengan kejadian perdarahan postpartum (p = 0,001). Ibu hamil dengan anemia memiliki risiko 6,4 kali lebih besar mengalami perdarahan postpartum dibandingkan yang tidak anemia (OR = 6,4; 95% CI = 2,6–15,8). Anemia selama kehamilan merupakan faktor risiko signifikan terhadap perdarahan postpartum. Diperlukan penguatan deteksi dini, edukasi gizi, dan pemantauan kadar hemoglobin secara rutin dalam pelayanan antenatal care untuk mencegah komplikasi maternal.
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